2022-10-26來源：海文考研
閱讀理解事實細(xì)節(jié)題高效突破法
事實細(xì)節(jié)題占據(jù)閱讀考題的60%-70%，足見其地位的重要性?？佳杏⒄Z大綱要求考生在閱讀理解中對文中的具體信息的理解，這些具體信息包括文中主旨句以外的具體的，用來支撐主題句的事實和細(xì)節(jié)，如某個具體的數(shù)據(jù)，文中一筆帶過的事件，具體的事件、地點，某個觀點的具體內(nèi)容等等。事實細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查學(xué)生的尋讀(scanning)、細(xì)讀(close reading)能力以及句內(nèi)、句間關(guān)系的把握能力。
事實細(xì)節(jié)題的命題規(guī)律
1. 命題處位于段落的展開部分；
2. 包含表示人名、地名、數(shù)字的段落常有考點；
3. 引導(dǎo)解釋性內(nèi)容的標(biāo)點符號（如冒號、引號、破折號）處?？技?xì)節(jié)；
4. 表示重要語義關(guān)系的連接詞或者從句中處常有考點。
事實細(xì)節(jié)題備選選項的特點
1. 關(guān)鍵詞保留，原文句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)不變，某些詞語同義詞替換；
2. 在不改變原意的基礎(chǔ)上，變換句式；
3. 原文的句子是肯定形式，從正面敘述，而答案變成否定形式從反面敘述；
4. 換角度敘述同一件事情，事情本質(zhì)內(nèi)容不變；
5. 抽象概括原文的具體實例；
6. 選項對原文的概括描述進(jìn)行具體例證。
事實細(xì)節(jié)題解題方法
1.抓住題干的關(guān)鍵詞。迅速準(zhǔn)確定位到原文，細(xì)讀出題處并將原文與各選項進(jìn)行比對，選項意思與原文最為接近的為正確答案，同義詞替換一般是正確答案；
2.選項中含有絕對語氣詞的一般不是答案；
3.選項中符合一般常識，意義富有哲理，屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。
事實細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項的特征
1.照抄原文的句子，與原文內(nèi)容貌似，但要么太絕對化，包含絕對化詞語，如all, only, always, never, anything, everywhere, everybody, nobody等；
2.一半信息符合原文，一半信息與原文不符，對細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行過度推理；
3.將原文某些信息張冠李戴，與原文的邏輯關(guān)系顛倒；
4.出現(xiàn)原文沒有的信息；
5.在轉(zhuǎn)述中犯邏輯錯誤。
真題練習(xí)1
What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds —death, debt and divorce —still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.
(2010-Text 1)
The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _________.
[A] auction houses’favorites
[B] contemporary trends
[C] factors promoting artwork circulation
[D] styles representing impressionists
真題練習(xí)2
Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.
(2011-Text 1)
According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for _________.
[A] gaining excessive profits
[B] failing to fulfill her duty
[C] refusing to make compromises
[D] leaving the board in tough times
真題練習(xí)3
Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.
(2011-Text 1)
We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be?__________.
[A] generous investors
[B] unbiased executives
[C] share price forecasters
[D] independent advisers
真題練習(xí)4
At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.
(2012-Text 1)
As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether ____________.
[A] it should be eliminated
[B] it counts much in schooling
[C] it places extra burdens on teachers
[D] it is important for grades
總之，針對閱讀理解的事實細(xì)節(jié)題，務(wù)必要樹立定位意識，通過仔細(xì)閱讀題干，找準(zhǔn)定位詞。另外就是要牢記“主旨為王”原則，無論是何種題型，這一原則都適用，在排除兩個選項之后，對于剩下的兩個糾結(jié)的選項就選符合主旨的即可。掌握方法論，再通過真題演練，做到舉一反三，相信閱讀。
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